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اولا :- Anaphlaxis
صدمة الحساسية ( العوار)
Anaphylaxis
يعنى اية Anaphlaxis
A life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) can cause shock, a sudden drop in blood pressure and trouble breathing.
In people who have an allergy, anaphylaxis can occur minutes after exposure to a specific allergy-causing substance (allergen). In some cases, there may be a delayed reaction or anaphylaxis may occur without an apparent trigger
تفاعل حساسية يهدد حياة المريض وقد يسبب له مشاكل فى التنفس او ضغط الدم وغيره وقد ينتج عنه موت المريض فى بعض الحالات وتظهر الاعراض بعد دقائق من التعرض للمواد المسببه للحساسية(allergen)وقد تتأخر قليلا او تحدث بدون ظهور علامات واضحه .
Causes
أسباب الحساسية
Your immune system produces antibodies that defend against foreign
substances. This is good when a foreign substance is harmful (such as
certain bacteria or viruses). But some people's immune systems overreact
to substances that shouldn't cause an allergic reaction. When this
occurs, the immune system sets off a chemical chain reaction, leading to
allergy symptoms. Normally, allergy symptoms are not life-threatening.
But some people have a severe allergic reaction that can lead to
anaphylaxis. Even if you or your child have had only a mild allergic
reaction in the past, there's still a risk of future anaphylaxis.
A number of allergens can trigger anaphylaxis, depending on what you're allergic to.
Common anaphylaxis triggers include:
- Certain medications, especially penicillin
- Foods, such as peanuts, tree nuts (walnuts, pecans), fish, shellfish, milk and eggs
- Insect stings from bees, yellow jackets, wasps, hornets and fire ants
Less common causes of anaphylaxis include:
- Latex
- Muscle relaxants used during general anesthesia
- Exercise
Anaphylaxis triggered by exercise varies from person to person. In some
people, aerobic activity, such as jogging, triggers anaphylaxis. In
others, less intense physical activity, such as walking, can trigger a
reaction. Eating certain foods before exercise or exercising when the
weather is hot, cold or humid has also been linked to anaphylaxis in
some people. Talk with your doctor about any precautions you should take
when exercising.
Anaphylaxis symptoms are sometimes caused by aspirin, other nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs — such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) and
naproxen sodium (Aleve, Midol Extended Relief) — and the intravenous
(IV) contrast used in some X-ray imaging tests. Although similar to
allergy-induced anaphylaxis, this type of reaction isn't triggered by
allergy antibodies.
If you don't know what triggers your allergy attack, your doctor may do
tests to try to identify the offending allergen. In some cases, the
cause of anaphylaxis is never identified. This is known as idiopathic
anaphylaxis
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include
ما هى الاعراض التى تظهر على المريض .. ؟؟
- Skin reactions including hives, itching, and flushed or pale skin
- Swelling of the face, eyes, lips or throat
- Constriction of the airways, leading to wheezing and trouble breathing
- A weak and rapid pulse
- Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
- Dizziness, fainting or unconsciousness
Some common anaphylaxis triggers include:
- Medications
- Foods such as peanuts, tree nuts, fish and shellfish
- Insect stings from bees, yellow jackets, wasps, hornets and fire ants
If you've had any kind of severe allergic reaction in the past, ask your
doctor if you should be prescribed an epinephrine autoinjector to carry
with you
ماذا تفعل فى مثل هذه الحالات كأسعاف اولى ؟؟
If you're with someone having an allergic reaction with signs of anaphylaxis:
- Immediately call 123 or your local medical emergency number.
- Ask the person if he or she is carrying an epinephrine autoinjector to treat an allergic attack (for example, EpiPen, Twinject).
- If the person says he or she needs to use an autoinjector, ask whether you should help inject the medication. This is usually done by pressing the autoinjector against the person's thigh.
- Have the person lie still on his or her back.
- Loosen tight clothing and cover the person with a blanket. Don't give the person anything to drink.
- If there's vomiting or bleeding from the mouth, turn the person on his or her side to prevent choking(الخنق).
- If there are no signs of breathing, coughing or movement, begin CPR. Do uninterrupted chest presses — about 100 every minute — until paramedics arrive.
- Get emergency treatment even if symptoms start to improve. After anaphylaxis, it's possible for symptoms to recur. Monitoring in a hospital setting for several hours is usually necessary.
If you're with someone having signs of anaphylaxis, don't wait to see
whether symptoms get better. Seek emergency treatment right away. In
severe cases, untreated anaphylaxis can lead to death within half an
hour. An antihistamine pill, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), isn't
sufficient to treat anaphylaxis. These medications can help relieve
allergy symptoms, but work too slowly in a severe reaction
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